ريم البراري
26-05-08, 06:27 AM
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الاسم العربي:وردة الزنبق الناري
الاسم الانجليزي:Blood flower
الاسم العلمي: scadoxus multiflorus
عثر عدد من المواطنين على وردة حمراء غريبة وملفتة في إحدى غابات فيفاء وتحديدا في قمة العبسية في أعلى جبال فيفاء، وقد شدت انتباه الكثيرين لخصائصها المتميزة كونهم لأول مرة يشاهدونها، مما جعل من يسمع عنها يزور الموقع لمشاهدتها عن كثب.
وردة جذابة بلون أحمر زاهي، وتكاد تكون منفردة بخصائصها عن بقية النباتات من حيث موقعها وطريقة نموها، خاصة ملمسها الذي يشبه ملمس شعيرات القطن غير أنها حمراء زاهية ونادرة.
لم يتم العثور سوى على ثلاث أو أربع منها على مستوى غابات فيفاء الشاسعة الوعرة".
أحد كبار السن في فيفاء أكد أنهم كانوا يشهدون هذه الوردة قبل عدة عقود بكثرة. غير أنها انقرضت.
ويقول الباحث والخبير في علم النبات علي أحمد العبدلي "هذه الوردة لها مسمى علمي هو(scadoxus multiflorus ) وتسمى الزنبق الناري أو زنبق الدم نبات بصيلي يبلغ ارتفاعه 30 سم، أزهاره جميلة لونها أحمر ناري، وتعتبر من الورود النادرة عالميا ولا توجد إلا في مواقع محدودة من القرن الأفريقي، وهي جميلة وجذابة، وتزرع في مواقع محددة خاصة بوفرة الماء واستمرارية الظل. كونها تتأثر من أشعة الشمس العمودية".
وأكد العبدلي أنها ليست النبتة الوحيدة في فيفاء النادرة عالميا، فمن خلال بحوثه العلمية في هذا المجال اكتشف أن فيفاء أكثر تنوع نباتي في المملكة، ويبرز ذلك جليا في موسم الأمطار، فقد يزيد حسب آخر الإحصائيات عن 160 نوعا، ومن خلال البحث والتصنيف لنباتات وأعشاب وأشجار فيفاء، فقد تم تصنيف ما يقارب 150 نوعا تصنيفا علميا، بالإضافة إلى استخداماتها الطبية عالميا أو المحلية، وهناك عدد منها نادر، وعلى سبيل المثال الشجرة المعروفة محليا باسم (التالق)، وتعرف علميا (Ficusbengalensis ) ومن أسمائه العربية (التين البنغالي) وشجرة الرول وهي من أندر الأشجار النادرة عالميا، والتي توجد في عدة مواقع من فيفاء، وهناك واحدة منها في قمة جبل العبدلي (اللعثة) في فيفاء يزيد عمرها عن أكثر من 500 عام، وتعتبر من أكثر النباتات المعمرة. غير أن غابات فيفاء مهمشة من المختصين في هذا المجال، وهذا ما جعل الغطاء النباتي المتنوع في فيفاء وخصائصه المتميزة مغيبة فعليا، ويجزم العبدلي بأنه لو تم الاهتمام به سيتم العثور على ما هو أهم وأكثر ندرة من وردة الزنبق الناري.
وأضاف المختص في علوم التربة بالبنك الزراعي بمحافظة فيفاء أحمد يحيى الأبياتي أن تربة فيفاء خصبة جدا، مما يجعلها بيئة مناسبة حين موسم الأمطار للتنوع الكبير في النبات أثبتته تجارب قامت بها هيئة وتطوير وتعمير منطقة فيفاء في سنين سابقة، إلا أنها لم تستمر على تلك البداية المشجعة حينها.
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ريم
شكرا على الخبر وعلى المعلومات
حمـود
ريم البراري
26-05-08, 08:52 PM
Common names: Blood flower, Catherine wheel, Poison root, Fireball lily, Bloedblom, Gifwortel
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سبحان الله
شكرا لك على النقل والمعلومات الإضافية
دكتور ياسر عادل
07-06-08, 07:30 PM
Scadoxus multiflorus (Martyn) Raf. subsp. Katharinae (Bak.) Friis & Nordal
(= Haemanthus katharinae Bak.)
Family: AMARYLLIDACEAE
Common names: Blood flower, Catherine wheel, Poison root, Fireball lily, Bloedblom, Gifwortel
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Scadoxus used to be included in the genus Haemanthus, but is now regarded as distinct. Scadoxus was named by Rafinesque, who commented "umb. glor.", which could be taken to mean glorious umbel, which is very apt. However, in Greek doxus does mean glorious, but sca means obscure, which rather confuses the issue. The specific name multiflorus means many flowered in Latin, which is self explanatory, and katharinae is after Katharine Saunders, the well-known botanical artist.. Its former name, Haemanthus translates to blood flower, from haima, blood, and anthos, a flower (Greek), referring to the colour of the spathe and filaments in some species of Haemanthus.
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Scadoxus multiflorus ssp katharinae is an evergreen rhizomatous perennial, producing up to nine leaves per season whose tubular leaf bases form a pseudostem, a false stem formed by the sheathing leaf bases which overlap closely and are pressed flat against each other. The pseudostem is sturdy and fleshy with a diameter of up to 25 mm, and is usually purple spotted but can be plain and almost white.
The leaves are large and thin-textured with a distinct midrib and an undulating margin. They encircle the pseudostem giving a single plant an overall symmetric shape. The leaves of a well-grown plant can stand up to 70 cm high with a spread of up to 110 cm.
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The spectacular flowerhead is a huge spherical umbel consisting of up to 200 flowers, held clear of the foliage at the end of a solitary stem. Each plant will produce only one flowerhead in a season. A flowerhead can reach a diameter of 25 cm and a height of 110 cm, nearly waist height. Each flower is pinkish-orange-red with protruding stamens carrying bright yellow anthers. The flowerheads last for 1 or 2 weeks and make superb cut flowers. Flowering is in late summer to early autumn (December-March). The seed develops in the inferior ovary which is visible as a swelling of the flower stalk below the flower, at the tip of the pedicel. These will swell to form a green berry that will turn scarlet as it ripens during winter-spring (July - September). These decorative berries can remain on the plant for up to 2 months.
Scadoxus multiflorus has a wide distribution and varying habitat and is found predominantly in tropical Africa but its range extends from the Eastern Cape in South Africa, through KwaZulu-Natal, all four northern provinces of South Africa, into Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Botswana and throughout all but the very driest regions of tropical Africa. It occurs in lowland to mountain forest, secondary forest, forest margins, savannah woodland, open grassland and is very common in the shade of trees at river banks. Scadoxus multiflorus ssp katharinae occurs in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Mpumalanga, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
Growing Scadoxus multiflorus ssp katharinae
Scadoxus multiflorus ssp katharinae is an evergreen, summer growing perennial that requires semi-shade and will flourish even in heavy shade. It may be deciduous and go dormant in winter in colder climates. It is frost sensitive and is not recommended for outdoor cultivation in areas colder than USDA Zone 10, i.e. with a minimum temperature of -1 to 4ºC.
Scadoxus rootstocks are planted just below the ground and are best left undisturbed in the same position for many years. The soil must be well-drained, rich and light, with plenty of leaf-mould or well-rotted compost. The plants benefit greatly from regular liquid feeding. Scadoxus multiflorus ssp katharinae likes plentiful water when in active growth, but dislikes water-logged soils. In winter rainfall areas, it has no trouble surviving the wet winters, provided it is in a well-drained position.
This is a very useful plant for shady gardens, a handsome pot subject for a large container on a shady stoep, and it is recommended as an indoor plant. It looks particularly effective in large groups under trees, where they do not seem to mind competition from tree roots, provided the soil is good.
Propagation is by seed and offsets. The seed should be sown as soon as it is ripe. This does not necessarily mean that the berries must be removed the minute they turn red. If they are not under threat from birds, or curious children, they can be left on without harming the seed until they start to look a bit wrinkled, which should be around early spring. Clean the pulp off, with care as the seed underneath is soft and fleshy. The best is to rub or peel it off. Use a well-drained, light potting mix, press the seed gently into the soil, do not cover it but leave the tops just visible or level with the soil surface. Keep damp but not waterlogged. Flowers can be expected from the third season onwards. Offsets should be removed after flowering i.e. in autumn, and replanted immediately.
Watch out for the Amaryllis lily borer which can severely damage the whole plant. Slugs and snails can damage the foliage.
These plants are poisonous. The genus Scadoxus contains alkaloid- rich, strongly toxic plants. Two species Scadoxus multiflorus and Scadoxus cinnabarinus are known to be used in Cameroon, Gabon, Angola and the Central African Republic in conjunction with a number of other plants, as an arrow poison. In Guinea and northern Nigeria the bulbs are used to make a fishing poison. The bulb is also used to treat dropsy, scabies and poorly healing wounds. In South Africa, Scadoxus puniceus appears to be more commonly used where it is used to treat coughs and gastro-intestinal problems and forms part of a medicine taken during pregnancy to ensure a safe delivery. Please be warned that these alkaloids are highly toxic and their indiscriminate use is potentially lethal. They are known to be lethal to stock, mainly goats and sheep grazing on them when other plants are scarce, and the leaves appear to have exactly the same toxic effects as the bulb.
There are nine species of Scadoxus, only three of which occur in South Africa. Other South African species in the genus include: Scadoxus membranaceus (= Haemanthus puniceus var. membranaceus), Scadoxus multiflorus subsp. multiflorus (= Haemanthus multiflorus, Haemanthus sacculus.) and Scadoxus puniceus (= Haemanthus magnificus, Haemanthus natalensis)
Author: Alice Notten
Kirstenbosch
February 2001
References:
Du Plessis, N., & Duncan, G., 1989, Bulbous Plants of Southern Africa, A guide to their Cultivation and Propagation, Tafelberg, Cape Town
Jackson, W.P.U., 1990, Origins and Meanings of Names of South African Plant Genera, U.C.T. Printing Dept., Cape Town.
Germishuizen, G., 1997, Wild Flowers of Northern South Africa, Fernwood Press, Cape Town
Neuwinger, H.D., African Ethnobotany, Poisons and Drugs, Chapman & Hall.
van Wyk, B.E., van Oudtshoorn, B., Gericke, N., 1997, Medicinal Plants of South Africa, Briza Publications, Pretoria.
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